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DISCLAIMER: These materials do not, and are not intended to, constitute legal or tax advice. You should consult an attorney or tax advisor for individual advice regarding your own situation. Although we have made considerable efforts to be thorough in the construction of these pages, we offer no assurance that the information posted here is timely, accurate, complete or applicable to any particular set of facts. To the contrary, be aware that some of the material on these pages is out of date, incomplete and/or altered in relation to the official version. These documents are not posted here for commercial use and should not be relied upon for any purpose whatsoever.

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XIII.  Sections 671 - 684 Trusts

  1. Rev. Rul. 68-183 (Sale to Trust Treated as Contribution to Trust)
  2. Rev. Rul. 81-6 (Child Beneficiary Treated as Part Owner of Trust Under Sec. 678) More info.
  3. Rev. Rul. 85-13 (Grantor Trust Not Treated as Separate Entity)
  4. Reg. 1.679-3(b)(2), Example (Domestic Grantor Trust Transfer to Foreign Trust) More info.
  5. Reg. 1.679-3(c)(5), Example 1 (Intermediary Transfer to Foreign Trust) More info.
  6. Reg. 1.679-3(c)(5), Example 2 (Delayed Intermediary Transfer to Foreign Trust) More info.
  7. Reg. 1.679-3(c)(5), Example 3 (Indirect Loan to Foreign Trust)
  8. Reg. 1.679-3(c)(5), Example 4 (Indirect Loan to Foreign Trust) More info.
  9. Reg. 1.679-3(d)(2), Example 1 (Constructive Transfer to Foreign Trust: Debt Payment) More info.
  10. Reg. 1.679-3(d)(2), Example 2 (Constructive Transfer to Foreign Trust: Liability Assumption) More info.
  11. Reg. 1.679-3(e)(5), Example 1 (Deemed Transfer to a Foreign Trust: Guarantee of Loan) More info.
  12. Reg. 1.679-3(e)(5), Example 2 (Deemed Transfer to a Foreign Trust: Guarantee of U.S. Lender’s Loan) More info.
  13. Reg. 1.679-3(f)(2), Example 1 (Deemed Transfers Thru a Foreign Grantor Trust with U.S. Beneficiaries)
  14. Reg. 1.679-3(f)(2), Example 2 (Deemed Transfers Thru a Foreign Non-Grantor Trust with Foreign Beneficiaries) More info.
  15. Reg. 1.679-3(f)(2), Example 3 (No Deemed Transfer Thru Foreign Trust) More info.
  16. Reg. 1.679-4(b)(2)(ii), Example (Transfer of Property to Foreign Trust for Partial Consideration) More info.
  17. Reg. 1.679-4(d)(7), Example 1 (Demand Note Is Not a Qualified Obligation) More info.
  18. Reg. 1.679-4(d)(7), Example 2 (Private Annuity for Life Is Not a Qualified Obligation) More info.
  19. Reg. 1.679-4(d)(7), Example 3 (Loan From Unrelated Party to a Foreign Trust Meets FMV Exception) More info.
  20. Reg. 1.679-4(d)(7), Example 4 (Transfer of Property to Foreign Trust for 10 year Term Obligation) More info.
  21. Reg. 1.679-4(d)(7), Example 5 (Transfer of Property to Foreign Trust for 3 Year Term Obligation) More info.
  22. Reg. 1.679-5(c), Example 1 (Pre-Immigration Trust – NRA Becomes Resident Alien) More info.
  23. Reg. 1.679-5(c), Example 2 (Pre-Immigration Trust – NRA Loses Power to Revest & Then Becomes RA) More info.
  24. Reg. 1.679-6(c), Example (Outbound Migration of Domestic Trust)
  25. Reg. 1.684-1(d), Example 1 (Gain on Transfer of Property to Non-Grantor Foreign Trust) More info.
  26. Reg. 1.684-1(d), Example 2 (Gain (But Not Loss) on Transfers to Non-Grantor Foreign Trust) More info.
  27. Reg. 1.684-1(d), Example 3 (Gain on Transfer to Non-Grantor Foreign Trust for Partial Consideration) More info.
  28. Reg. 1.684-1(d), Example 4 (Gain on Transfer to Non-Grantor Foreign Trust for Private Annuity) More info.
  29. Reg. 1.684-1(d), Example 5 (Gain on Transfer to Related Non-Grantor Foreign Trust for Qualified Obligation) More info.

XIV.  Sections 701 - 776 Partnerships / Subchapter K

  1. Allison  ("Joint Venture" Was Not a Partnership)
  2. Armstrong v. Phinney  (Partner Can Be Considered An Employee of the Partnership for the Convenience of Employer Rule) More info.
  3. Basye  (Partnership Attempt to Deflect Compensation to Retirement Plan) More info.
  4. Canal Corp. (Disguised Sale to Partnership Under Section 707(a)(2)(B)
  5. Forsythe (Special Allocation Allowed Only to the Extent of EROL)
  6. PLR 200832024 (No 956 Inclusion For Foreign Partnership With U.S. Assets)
  7. Chisholm   (Transfer to Partnership and Partnership Sale - Form Respected)
  8. Culbertson  (Family Partnership) More info.
  9. Jade Trading LLC  (Son of BOSS - Currency Spread Transaction)
  10. Madison Gas & Electric Co.   (Tenancy-In-Common of Nuclear Power Plant was a Partnership)
  11. Podell   (Real Estate Joint Venture Was A Partnership)
  12. Rev. Rul. 71-141  (Deemed Paid Foreign Tax Credits Through A Partnership)
  13. Rev. Rul. 72-135   (Nonrecourse Loans Recharacterized as Contributions to Capital)
  14. Rev. Rul. 72-350   (Equity Advance Creates No Partner Debt Basis)
  15. Rev. Rul. 75-374  (Co-Ownership Not a Partnership With Only Customary Services For Maintenance & Repair) More info.
  16. Rev. Rul. 83-156  (351 Followed by 721)
  17. Rev. Rul. 84-111, Situation 1  (Partnership Conversion to Corporation: Assets Down & Stock Up)
  18. Rev. Rul. 84-111, Situation 2  (Partnership Conversion to Corporation: Assets Up & Assets Down)
  19. Rev. Rul. 84-111, Situation 3  (Partnership Conversion to Corporation: Partnership Interests Down)
  20. Rev. Rul. 86-73 (Effect of 754 Election on Technical Termination of Partnership) More info.
  21. Rev. Rul. 86-138 (Separate Statement of Items for Tiered Partnerships)
  22. Rev. Rul. 87-110  (368 Reorganization of 50% Partner Terminates Partnership)
  23. Rev. Rul. 90-112   (Investment in U.S. Property Through Partnership)
  24. Rev. Rul. 91-32, Situation 1   (Nonres. Partner Disposed of P'ship Engaged in a Trade or Business in the U.S.)
  25. Rev. Rul. 99-5, Situation 1   (Disregarded Entity to Partnership - Sale)
  26. Rev. Rul. 99-5, Situation 2   (Disregarded Entity to Partnership - Contribution)
  27. Rev. Rul. 99-6, Situation 1   (Partnership to Disregarded Entity - Member Purchase)
  28. Rev. Rul. 99-6, Situation 2   (Partnership to Disregarded Entity - Third Party Purchase)
  29. Rev. Rul. 2004-3  (Foreign Partner Deemed to Have A Fixed Base in the U.S.)
  30. Rev. Rul. 2004-59   (Partnership Conversion to Corporation - Contribution Followed by Distribution)
  31. Rev. Rul. 2007-40  (Guaranteed Payment Obligation Satisfied With Property Triggers Gain/Loss)
  32. Rev. Rul. 2007-42 Situation 2 (Failed Spin-Off - 20% Interest in Partnership)
  33. Reg. 1.367(b)-1(b)(2), Example  (Liquidation into 90% Corporate-Owned Partnership Does Not Qualify Under Sec. 332)
  34. Reg. 1.368-2(b)(1)(iii), Example 5  (Merger into Disregarded Entity of a Partnership)
  35. Reg. 1.368-2(b)(1)(iii), Example 7  (Merger of a Corporation into a Disregarded Entity/Partnership)
  36. Reg. 1.368-2(b)(1)(iii), Example 11  (Merger of Corporate Partner into a Partnership)
  37. Reg. 1.701-2(d), Example 3  (Check-the-Box Planning to Get 901 Credits and to Avoid 10/50 Basket)
  38. Reg. 1.707-1(c), Example 1 (Fixed Guaranteed Payment For Services)
  39. Reg. 1.707-1(c), Example 2 (Minimum Allocation of Partnership Income as Guaranteed Payment) More info.
  40. Reg. 1.707-1(c), Example 3 (Fixed Guaranteed Payment & 30% of Loss)
  41. Reg. 1.707-1(c), Example 4 (Fixed Guaranteed Payment & Capital Gains) More info.
  42. Reg. 1.722-1, Example 1  (Basis of Contributing Partner's Interest With Liabilities Assumed)
  43. Reg. 1.722-1, Example 2  (Gain on Contribution Into Partnership With Liabilities Assumed)
  44. Reg. 1.954-3(a)(6)(ii), Example  (Manufacturing by Partnership Attributed to Partner)
  45. Reg. 1.1032-3(e), Example 3  (Partnership Exchange of Grandparent Stock for a Truck)
  46. 957 U.S. Partnership vs. Foreign Partnership  (CFC vs. Non-CFC)


XV. Section 861 Source of Income

  1. Boulez  (Payments for Personal Services or for Royalties?)
  2. British Timken Ltd.  (Sales Commissions Sourced to Location of Sales Activities) More info.
  3. Goosen (Golfer Endorsement Fees: Part Royalties & Part Services, Part U.S. Source & Part Foreign Source)
  4. Hawaiian Philippine Co.  (Processed Sugar Payment In-kind for Manufacturing Services) More info.
  5. Miller  (No Look-Thru for Sourcing of Back to Back Services Payments) More info.
  6. Rev. Rul. 60-55  (Sales Commissions Sourced to Location of Sales Activities) More info.
  7. Rev. Rul. 68-443 (Foreign Trademark Royalties Are Foreign Source Income)More info.
  8. Notice 2006-76, Example 2 (Software as a Service ("SaaS") Income Was Foreign Source Income) More info.
  9. Rev. Rul. 2009-14, Situation 3 (Death Benefits Paid to Foreign Corporation Were U.S. Source FDAP) More info.
  10. Reg. 1.861-4(b)(1)(ii), Example (Compensation For Services Sourced Based on Payroll Costs)
  11. Reg. 1.861-18(h), Example 1 (Shrink-Wrap License Sold on Disk Treated as Copyrighted Article)
  12. Reg. 1.861-18(h), Example 2 (Shrink-Wrap License Sold Over Internet Treated as Copyrighted Article) More info.
  13. Reg. 1.861-18(h), Example 3 (Use of Computer Disk for 1 Week Treated as Lease of Copyrighted Article)
  14. Reg. 1.861-18(h), Example 4 (Use of Computer Program Downloaded Over Internet Treated as Lease of Copyrighted Article) More info.
  15. Reg. 1.861-18(h), Example 5 ("License" For 3 Annual Payments Treated as Sale of Copyright Rights)
  16. Reg. 1.863-7(d), Example  (Source of Notional Principal Contract Income)


XVI. Section 864 U.S. Trade or Business / Permanent Establishment

  1. Adda (Trading Commodities Thru An Agent in the U.S.) More info.
  2. Amalgamated Dental Co. Ltd.  (Purchaser-Seller Relationship Did Not Cause Purchaser to be Engaged in a U.S. Trade or Business) More info.
  3. De Amodio  (U.S. Rental Properties Were A U.S. Trade or Business but not a Permanent Establishment)
  4. Balanovski  (Argentine Partnership Engaged in U.S. Trade or Business)
  5. Donroy  (Foreign Limited Partner In U.S. Limited Partnership - Permanent Establishment)
  6. European Naval Stores Co. (Foreign Corporation Not Engaged in U.S. Trade or Business) More info.
  7. Goosen (Golfer Endorsement Fees: Part Royalties & Part Services, Part U.S. Source & Part Foreign Source)
  8. Handfield   (Canadian Manufacturer Had a Permanent Establishment in the U.S.)
  9. Hawaiian Philippine Co.  (Processed Sugar Payment In-kind for Manufacturing Services) More info.
  10. Johnston (Nonresident Alien Member of Partnership Which is Engaged In A U.S. Trade or Business)
  11. Lewenhaupt  (Swedish Count Engaged in U.S. Real Estate Business)
  12. Linen Thread Co.  (Two U.S. Sales Did Not Create U.S. Trade or Business)
  13. Pasquel  (Isolated U.S. Loan Did Not Cause NRA To Be Engaged in U.S. Trade or Business) More info.
  14. Pinchot  (U.K. Citizen Engaged in U.S. Real Estate Business)
  15. The Scottish American Investment Co., Ltd.  (Investment Activities Did Not Rise to Level of U.S. Trade or Bus.) More info.
  16. Spermacet Whaling   (Whaling Expedition Was Not Engaged in a U.S. Trade or Business)
  17. Taisei Fire  (U.S. Agent of Japanese Insurance Companies was an Independent Agent)
  18. Unger  (Foreign Limited Partner in U.S. Partnership had U.S. Permanent Establishment)
  19. Vitale  (Partner in Limited Partnership Engaged in U.S. Trade or Business)
  20. Rev. Rul. 70-424  (Domestic Corp is Foreign Corp's Agent)
  21. Rev. Rul. 81-78   (Profits Not Attributable to a U.S. Permanent Establishment)
  22. Rev. Rul. 85-60  (Foreign "Simple" Trust as a Partner in a U.S. Partnership) More info.
  23. Rev. Rul. 86-154, Situation 1 (Banking: Loans Attributable to U.S. Office Where the Office Actively & Materially Participates in Soliciting and Negotiating) More info.
  24. Rev. Rul. 86-154, Situation 2 (Banking: Loan Not Attributable to U.S. Office Where Foreign Home Office Evaluates & Approves Related Party Loan) More info.
  25. Rev. Rul. 86-154, Situation 3 (Banking: Loan Funded by U.S. Office Attributable to U.S. Office Where Both Home Office & U.S. Office Actively & Materially Participate in the Acquisition) More info.
  26. Rev. Rul. 91-32, Situation 1   (Nonres. Partner Disposed of P'ship Engaged in a Trade or Business in the U.S.)
  27. Rev. Rul. 2004-3  (Foreign Partner Deemed to Have A Fixed Base in the U.S.)
  28. Notice 2005-77  (Nonresident Alien Individual Filing Requirements for U.S. Source Wages)
  29. Notice 2006-76, Example 2 (Software as a Service ("SaaS") Income Was Foreign Source Income) More info.


XVII. Sections 871(a) & 881 FDAP & Section 884 Branch Taxes

  1. Aiken Industries   (Treaty Shopping / Back-to-Back Loans)
  2. British Timken Ltd.  (Sales Commissions Sourced to Location of Sales Activities) More info.
  3. Del Commercial Properties Inc. (Conduit / Intermediary Entities Disregarded) More info.
  4. Goosen (Golfer Endorsement Fees: Part Royalties & Part Services, Part U.S. Source & Part Foreign Source)
  5. Housden  (Resident Alien Required to Withhold U.S. Tax on Alimony and Interest)
  6. Miller  (No Look-Thru for Sourcing of Back to Back Services Payments) More info.
  7. SDI Netherlands B.V.  (Cascading Royalties) More info.
  8. Rev. Rul. 60-55  (Sales Commissions Sourced to Location of Sales Activities) More info.
  9. Rev. Rul. 80-362  (Cascading Royalties) More info.
  10. Rev. Rul. 87-89   (Lending Intermediary Disregarded in Cross-Border Lending Transactions)
  11. Rev. Rul. 92-85, Situation 1  (FDAP Withholding on 304 Transaction)
  12. Rev. Rul. 92-85, Situation 2  (FDAP Withholding on 304 Transaction)
  13. Rev. Rul. 2004-76, Situation 1 (Treaty Benefits: Incorporated in One Jurisdiction and Managed & Controlled in Another)
  14. Rev. Rul. 2009-14, Situation 3 (Death Benefits Paid to Foreign Corporation Were U.S. Source FDAP) More info.
  15. TAM 9822007 (Leasing Company Not A Bank for Portfolio Interest Exception) More info.
  16. Conduit Financing Arrangements
    1. Reg. 1.881-3(e), Example 1  (Guarantee of Bank Debt Does Not Create A Financing Arrangement)
    2. Reg. 1.881-3(e), Example 2  (Back-to-Back Loan Treated as Financing Arrangement)
    3. Reg. 1.881-3(e), Example 3  (Back-to-Back Loan Treated as Financing Arrangement - DRE) More info.
    4. Reg. 1.881-3(e), Example 4  (Bank Financing Through Intermediate Entity)
    5. Reg. 1.881-3(e), Example 5  (Related Persons Treated As Single Intermediate Entity)
    6. Reg. 1.881-3(e), Example 6  (Related Persons Treated As Single Intermediate Entity)
    7. Reg. 1.881-3(e), Example 10 (No Reduction in Tax With Issuance of Portfolio Debt) More info.
    8. Reg. 1.881-3(e), Example 11 (No Reduction in Tax, Cascading Royalties)
    9. Reg. 1.881-3(e), Example 13 (Significant Reduction in Tax Via Portfolio Interest Exception, Tax Avoidance Plan) More info.
    10. Reg. 1.884-4(a)(4), Example 1 (Branch Interest & Excess Interest) More info.
    11. Reg. 1.1441-7(f)(2)(ii), Example 1 (Withholding Required For Conduit Financing Arrangement)
    12. Reg. 1.1441-7(f)(2)(ii), Example 3 (Withholding Required For Conduit Financing Arrangement) More info.


XVIII. Section 894 Income Affected By Treaty

  1. De Amodio  (U.S. Rental Properties Were A U.S. Trade or Business but not a Permanent Establishment)
  2. Boulez  (Payments for Personal Services or for Royalties?)
  3. Donroy  (Foreign Limited Partner In U.S. Limited Partnership - Permanent Establishment)
  4. Indofood International Finance Ltd.  (Hypothetical Beneficial Owner Under Indonesia-Netherlands DTA)
  5. Prévost Car, Inc.  ("Beneficial Owner" Under Canada-Netherlands Tax Treaty)
  6. Unger  (Foreign Limited Partner in U.S. Partnership had U.S. Permanent Establishment)
  7. Rev. Rul. 63-113  (No PE for Consignment Sales to U.S. Trading Company) More info.
  8. Rev. Rul. 76-322  (No PE for Consignment Sales to U.S. Subsidiary) More info.
  9. Rev. Rul. 81-132  (Transferor Ownership Not Attributed in 351 Exchange for Treaty Purposes)
  10. Rev. Rul. 85-60  (Foreign "Simple" Trust as a Partner in a U.S. Partnership) More info.
  11. Rev. Rul. 87-89   (Lending Intermediary Disregarded in Cross-Border Lending Transactions)
  12. Rev. Rul. 2004-3  (Foreign Partner Deemed to Have A Fixed Base in the U.S.)
  13. Rev. Rul. 2004-76, Situation 1  (Treaty Benefits: Incorporated in One Jurisdiction and Managed & Controlled in Another)
  14. Reg. 1.894-1(d)(2)(iii), Example 1  (Dividend Paid by Unrelated Entity to DRHE)
  15. Reg. 1.894-1(d)(2)(iii), Example 2  (Interest Paid by DRHE to Related Foreign Interest Holder)
  16. Reg. 1.894-1(d)(2)(iii), Example 3  (Interest Paid by DRHE to Related Foreign Interest Holder)
  17. Reg. 1.894-1(d)(2)(iii), Example 4  (Reverse Hybrid for One Interest Holder But Not The Other)
  18. Reg. 1.894-1(d)(2)(iii), Example 5  (Recharacterization of Interest to Dividends Can Reduce U.S. Withholding Taxes)
  19. Reg. 1.894-1(d)(2)(iii), Example 6  (Payment to Related Tax-Consolidated Entity)
  20. Reg. 1.894-1(d)(2)(iii), Example 7  (Interest Paid to Unrelated Foreign Bank)
  21. Reg. 1.894-1(d)(2)(iii), Example 8  (Interest Paid to Foreign Bank Pursuant to a Financing Arrangement)
  22. Reg. 1.894-1(d)(2)(iii), Example 9  (Royalty to DRHE & Interest to Foreign Holder)
  23. Reg. 1.894-1(d)(5), Example 1  (Fiscally Transparent ("FT") Entity Not Eligible For Reduced Treaty Rate)
  24. Reg. 1.894-1(d)(5), Example 2  (One of Two Interest Holders Eligible for Reduced Treaty Rate)
  25. Reg. 1.894-1(d)(5), Example 3  (Entity & Interest Holder Eligible for Reduced Treaty Rate)
  26. Reg. 1.894-1(d)(5), Example 4  (Foreign Grantor of Foreign Grantor Trust Eligible For Reduced Treaty Rate)
  27. PLR 200201025  (Ultimate Beneficial Owners Under Derivative Benefits Test)
  28. PLR 200409025  (Ultimately Owned Under Derivative Benefits Test)
  29. PLR 200626009  (12 Month Ownership Test Under US-UK Tax Treaty with Disregarded Entity)
  30. 894 Limitation on Benefits: Example of the Need for the Ownership/Base Erosion Test
  31. Swiss Treaty - LOB: Active Trade or Business Test  (Switz.-U.S. Income Tax Treaty MOU Para. 4, Example 1)
  32. Equiv. Beneficiary Under U.S.-U.K. Inc. Tax Treaty  (U.S.-U.K. Inc. Tax Treaty Treas. Tech. Explanation Art. 23, Para 3) More info.
  33. PE vs. Trade or Bus. "Cherry Picking"  (U.S.-Luxembourg Income Tax Treaty U.S. Treas. Tech. Explanation Art. 1, Para. 2) More info.
  34. Dual Resident Corp. Example  (U.S.-Luxembourg Income Tax Treaty U.S. Treas. Tech. Explanation Art. 4, Para. 3) More info.


XIX. Section 897 USRPI Examples

  1. Rev. Rul. 84-160  (Section 351 Exchange of One USRPI for Another USRPI)
  2. Rev. Rul. 2008-31 (Notional Principal Contract Was Not a USRPI)
  3. Reg. 1.897-1(d)(2)(i), Example (Loan With “Kicker” is a USRPI).
  4. Reg. 1.897-2(e)(1), Example 1  (U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation -- Interest in Foreign Corporation)
  5. Temp. Reg. 1.897-5T(b)(5), Example 3  (Outbound 332 Liquidation of USRPI [Including Former USRPHC]) More info.
  6. Temp. Reg. 1.897-5T(c)(2)(iii), Example 1  (Inbound 332 Liquidation of USRPI)
  7. Temp. Reg. 1.897-5T(c)(3)(ii), Example  (Foreign-to-Foreign Spin-off of USRPHC) More info.
  8. Temp. Reg. 1.897-5T(c)(4)(iv), Example 1  (Inbound D Reorganization: USRPI - Statutory Exception) More info.
  9. Temp. Reg. 1.897-5T(c)(4)(iv), Example 2  (Inbound D Reorganization: USRPI - Statutory Exception) More info.
  10. Temp. Reg. 1.897-5T(c)(4)(iv), Example 3  (Inbound D Reorganization: USRPI - Regulatory Limitation) More info.
  11. Temp. Reg. 1.897-5T(c)(4)(iv), Example 4  (Inbound D Reorganization: USRPI - 897(i) Election) More info.
  12. Temp. Reg. 1.897-6T(a)(7), Example 1  (Inbound 351 of a USRPI to USRPHC) More info.
  13. Temp. Reg. 1.897-6T(a)(7), Example 4  (Inbound B Reorganization of a USRPHC) More info.
  14. Temp. Reg. 1.897-6T(a)(7), Example 5  (Outbound Spin-off by USRPHC) More info.
  15. Temp. Reg. 1.897-6T(a)(7), Example 6  (Inbound 351 of a USRPI with Treaty Exemption) More info.
  16. PLR 200838007  (Extension Granted for 897 Statement & Notice & 1445 Withholding Requirements in a 351 Exchange)
  17. PLR 200840014  (Extension Granted for 897 Statement & Notice Requirements in a Redemption) More info.


XX. Section 901 - 904 Foreign Tax Credit

  1. First Chicago   (No Ownership Aggregation for Section 902)
  2. Nissho   (Foreign Tax Credits: Legal Liability for Withholding Taxes)
  3. Proctor & Gamble (Japanese Withholding Taxes on Royalties Related to Korean Sales Were Not Compulsory Payments)
  4. Sante Fe Drilling Co.  (Accrual of Australian Income Taxes for Calendar Year Taxpayer)
  5. Rev. Rul. 70-373  (Deemed Paid Credit Impact of Lower-Tier 332 Liquidation)
  6. Rev. Rul. 71-141  (Deemed Paid Foreign Tax Credits Through A Partnership)
  7. Rev. Rul. 72-197  ("Shareholders" Liable for Foreign Taxes of Reverse Hybrid Entity)
  8. Rev. Rul. 74-387  (Section 902 Deemed Paid Credits in D Reorganization With Boot)
  9. Rev. Rul. 77-209  (Section 902 Credits and "Fiscal Unity") More info.
  10. Notice 2004-20  (Foreign Tax Credit Intermediary Transaction)
  11. Notice 2005-90  (Foreign Tax Credits Not Disallowed In Certain Back-to-Back Licensing Arrangements)
  12. Temp. Reg. 1.902-1(c)(8)(ii), Example  (Effect of Liquidation on Pre-1998 Foreign Taxes Paid by 4th Tier Corporation)
  13. Reg. 1.904-5(i)(5), Example 1  (No Look-Thru for Interest [40% Ownership])
  14. Reg. 1.904-5(i)(5), Example 2  (Look-Thru for Dividend [40% Ownership] Between CFCs)
  15. Reg. 1.904-5(i)(5), Example 3  (Look-Thru for Dividend & Interest [80% Ownership])
  16. Temp. Reg. 1.904-5T(i)(5), Example 4  (Look-Thru But No Section 902 Credits)
  17. Temp. Reg. 1.904-5T(i)(5), Example 5  (Look-Thru for Dividends Between Members of Qualified Group)
  18. Temp. Reg. 1.904-7T(f)(iv), Example 1  (IRS's Reconstruction of 10/50 Corporation's Historical Earnings & Taxes)
  19. Temp. Reg. 1.904-7T(f)(iv), Example 2  (IRS is Unable to Reconstruct 10/50 Corporation's Historical Earnings & Taxes)
  20. PLR 200225032  (U.S. Tax Treatment of German Organschaft)
  21. Example of Foreign Tax Credit “Splitter” Structure
  22. 902 Deemed Paid Credits & Section 904(d) Look-Thru


XXI. Section 911 Foreign Earned Income Exclusion

  1. Rev. Rul. 67-158, Situation 1  (Section 911 Exclusion of Partner's Distributive Share) More info.
  2. Rev. Rul. 67-158, Situation 2  (Section 911 Exclusion of Partner's Distributive Share) More info.


XXII. Section 951 - 954 Subpart F Income

  1. Generally
    1. Dover   (Check the Box & Sell)
    2. Electronic Arts  (Contract Manufacturing in Puerto Rico)
    3. MedChem (P.R.), Inc.  (Section 936 - Active Conduct of Trade or Business Within a Possession)
    4. Textron (Subpart F Income To Beneficiary of U.S. Voting Trust)
    5. Rev. Rul. 82-150  (Deep in-the-Money Option Deemed Exercised) More info.
    6. Notice 2007-9, Example 1  (Factoring Exception to CFC Look-Through Rule)
    7. Notice 2007-9, Example 2  (Section 956 Exception to CFC Look-Through Rule)
    8. Notice 2007-9, Example 3  (Exception to CFC Look-Through Rule)
    9. Notice 2009-7  (Subpart F Income Partnership Blocker)
    10. Reg. 1.951-1(b)(2), Example 1  (Subpart F Income: CFC for Full Year)
    11. Reg. 1.951-1(b)(2), Example 2  (Subpart F Income: CFC for First Part of Year)
    12. Reg. 1.951-1(b)(2), Example 3  (Subpart F Income: CFC for Last Part of Year)
    13. Reg. 1.951-1(b)(2), Example 4  (Hopscotch Rule & PTI Dividend)
    14. Reg. 1.951-1(b)(2), Example 5  (Subpart F Income: CFC for Last Part of Year)
    15. PLR 8938031  (Foreign Target in 338(g) Election - No Subpart F Income to Purchaser) More info.
    16. PLR 200952031 (80% DRD Allowed for Subpart F Calculation In “Sandwich” Structure) More info.
    17. PLR 201002024 (1) (FBCSI - Branch Rule - No Tax Rate Disparity With Single Zero Rate Manufacturing Branch ("Taxpayer Fabricated Transactions")) More info.
    18. PLR 201002024 (2) (FBCSI - Branch Rule - Tax Rate Disparity But No Sub F Due to Remainder Qualifying for Mfg Exception ("Foreign Branch Fabricated Transactions")) More info.
    19. 957 U.S. Partnership vs. Foreign Partnership  (CFC vs. Non-CFC)
  2. Pro Rata Share Defined - Reg. 1.951-1(e)(6)
    1. Reg. 1.951-1(e)(6), Example 1  (Pro Rata Share - One Class of Stock)
    2. Reg. 1.951-1(e)(6), Example 2  (Pro Rata Share - Common and Preferred)
    3. Reg. 1.951-1(e)(6), Example 3  (Pro Rata Share - Two Classes of Common Treated as One Class)
    4. Reg. 1.951-1(e)(6), Example 4  (Pro Rata Share - Two Classes of Common & One Class of Preferred)
    5. Reg. 1.951-1(e)(6), Example 5  (Pro Rata Share - Common & Preferred: Discretionary & Non-Discret. Distrib'n Rights)
    6. Reg. 1.951-1(e)(6), Example 6  (Pro Rata Share - Restriction on Common Dividends is Disregarded)
    7. Reg. 1.951-1(e)(6), Example 7  (Pro Rata Share - Redeemable Preferred)
    8. Reg. 1.951-1(e)(6), Example 8  (Pro Rata Share - Common and Preferred)
    9. Reg. 1.951-1(e)(6), Example 9  (Pro Rata Share - Certain 304 Transactions)
  3. Foreign Base Company Sales Income
  4. Foreign Base Company Services Income


XXIII. Section 956 - Investment in U.S. Property

  1. Ludwig  (Pledge of CFC Stock With Negative Covenants Was Not A Guarantee By The CFC)
  2. Schering-Plough (Swap & Assign Transactions Treated as Loans Under Section 956) More info.
  3. Rev. Rul. 76-192  (Third Party "Filter" was Ineffective / CFC Created to Avoid Section 956)
  4. Rev. Rul. 87-89  (Lending Intermediary Disregarded in Cross-Border Lending Transactions)
  5. Rev. Rul. 90-112  (Investment in U.S. Property Through Partnership)
  6. Notice 2007-9, Example 2  (Section 956 Exception to CFC Look-Through Rule)
  7. Reg. 1.956-1(e)(6)(vi), Example 1  (Zero Basis Investment in U.S. Property) More info.
  8. Reg. 1.956-1(e)(6)(vi), Example 2  (Normal Basis Investment in U.S. Property) More info.
  9. Reg. 1.956-1(e)(6)(vi), Example 3  (956 Basis on Transfer to Related Party) More info.
  10. PLR 200832024 (No 956 Inclusion For Foreign Partnership With U.S. Assets)


XXIV. Section 957 Controlled Foreign Corporation

  1. Garlock Inc.  (Shift of Formal Voting Power to Avoid CFC Status)
  2. Kraus  (Corporation Treated as CFC and Gain on Sale Treated as Dividend Income) More info.
  3. PLR 201106003 (CFC/PFIC Overlap Rule For a U.S. Partnership)


XXV. Section 988 Foreign Currency Transactions

  1. Church's English Shoes, Ltd.  (Borrowing in Foreign Currency Treated as Separate From Inventory Purchase) More info.
  2. Quijano  (No Netting of Currency Loss on Foreign Mortgage With Gain on Residence Sale)
  3. Rev. Rul. 54-105   (Individual Purchase & Sale of Prop. in Foreign Currency)
  4. Rev. Rul. 78-281  (Non-Functional Currency Borrowing & Purchase)
  5. Rev. Rul. 90-79  (Non-Deductible Personal Currency Loss on Foreign Mortgage)
  6. Rev. Rul. 2008-1  (U.S. Dollar Denominated Derivative Contract Treated As Euro Denominated Debt) More info.
  7. Reg. 1.988-1(a)(11)(ii), Example  (Sale of Stock Treated as Section 988 Transaction) More info.


XXVI.  Section 1031 Like-Kind Exchanges

  1. Rev. Rul. 77-297  (Three Party Like-Kind Exchange) More info.
  2. Rev. Rul. 90-34  (Three Party Like-Kind Exchange: Direct Transfer) More info.
  3. Reg. 1.1031(b)-1(b), Example 1  (Two Party Like-Kind Exchange: Partial Boot)
  4. Reg. 1.1031(d)-2, Example 1  (Two Party Like-Kind Exchange: Assumption of Liabilities)


XXVII.  Section 1032 Exchange of Stock for Property

  1. Rev. Rul. 70-305  (Subsidiary Purchase & Sale of Parent Stock)
  2. Reg. 1.1032-3(e), Example 1  (Subsidiary Exchange of Parent Stock for a Truck)
  3. Reg. 1.1032-3(e), Example 2  (Subsidiary Exchange of Option on Parent Stock for a Truck)
  4. Reg. 1.1032-3(e), Example 3  (Partnership Exchange of Grandparent Stock for a Truck)
  5. Reg. 1.1032-3(e), Example 4  (Parent Stock used as Compensation for Subsidiary Employee)
  6. Reg. 1.1032-3(e), Example 5  (Parent Stock Purchased At A Discount by Subsidiary's Employee)
  7. Reg. 1.1032-3(e), Example 6  (Parent Stock Subject to a Substantial Risk of Forfeiture)
  8. Reg. 1.1032-3(e), Example 7  (Parent Stock Subject to a Substantial Risk of Forfeiture)
  9. Reg. 1.1032-3(e), Example 8  (Parent Stock Option Used As Compensation for Subsidiary Employee)
  10. Reg. 1.1032-3(e), Example 9  (Owner's Transfer of Parent Stock to Subsidiary's Employee)
  11. PLR 201014049 (Parent Stock Transferred to Foreign Subsidiary in 1032 Exchange)


XXVIII. Section 1248 Sales of Controlled Foreign Corporations

  1. Rev. Rul. 81-32   (Foreign-to-Foreign C Reorg - CFC to Non-CFC:  Sec. 1248(b) Lim. Applies to Deemed Div)
  2. Rev. Rul. 87-47   (Corporation Formed to Hold Stock of Foreign Corporation)
  3. Rev. Rul. 87-96   (Intercompany In-Kind Dividend of Foreign Subsidiary)
  4. Rev. Rul. 90-31   (Section 959(e):  Section 1248 PTI Account)
  5. Reg. 1.1248-8(b)(7), Example 1  (Section 1248 Gain - Sale After 351 Exchange of Property)
  6. Reg. 1.1248-8(b)(7), Example 2  (Section 1248 Gain - Sale After 351 Exchange of CFC Stock)
  7. Reg. 1.1248-8(b)(7), Example 3  (Section 1248 Gain - Sale After 351 Exch. of CFC Stock to U.S. Subsidiary)
  8. Reg. 1.1248-8(b)(7), Example 4  (Section 1248 Gain - Sale After Foreign to Foreign C Reorganization)
  9. Reg. 1.1248-8(b)(7), Example 5  (Section 1248 Gain - Sale After Triangular C Reorganization)
  10. Reg. 1.1248-8(b)(7), Example 6  (Section 1248 Gain - Sale After Triangular C Reorganization)
  11. Reg. 1.1248-8(b)(7), Example 7  (Section 1248 Gain - Sale After B Reorganization)
  12. Reg. 1.1248-8(b)(7), Example 8  (Section 1248 Gain - Sale After Upstream C Reorganization)
  13. Reg. 1.1248-8(c)(3), Example  (Section 1248 Gain - Sale After 332 Liquidation)
  14. PLR 200104024  (Domestic Spin-offs of CFCs to 100% Domestic Parent) More info.


    15. Sales of Controlled Foreign Corporations (CFCs)

    1. U.S. Corporate Seller of CFC
    2. U.S. Corporate Seller of CFC - Pre-Sale Distribution
    3. U.S. Corporate Seller of CFC - 338(g) Election
    4. U.S. Corporate Seller of CFC - 338(g) Election & Subpart F Income
    5. U.S. Individual Seller of CFC - Qualified Foreign Corporation (QFC)
    6. U.S. Individual Seller of CFC - QFC and 338(g) Election
    7. U.S. Individual Seller of CFC - QFC, 338(g), & Subpart F Income
    8. U.S. Individual Seller of CFC - Non-QFC
    9. U.S. Individual Seller of CFC - Non-QFC and 338(g) Election
    10. U.S. Individual Seller of CFC - Non-QFC, 338(g), & Subpart F Income


XXIX. Section 1291-1298 PFICs

  1. PLR 200604020  (PFIC Look-Thru For Gain on 25% Owned Subsidiary)
  2. PLR 200813036 (PFIC 25% Subsidiary Look-Thru & Change of Business Exceptions)
  3. PLR 201106003 (CFC/PFIC Overlap Rule For a U.S. Partnership)

XXX. Section 1361 S Corporations

  1. Blum (Guaranteed Loans Not Treated As Equity Investments) More info.
  2. Ward  (NRA Spouse Owned Purported S Corp Stock Under Community Property Laws) More info.
  3. Rev. Rul. 72-320  (Momentary Ownership of Corporation Did Not Terminate S Election) More info.
  4. Rev. Rul. 73-496  (Momentary Ownership of Corporation Did Not Terminate S Election) More info.
  5. Notice 2007-57 (Loss Importation Listed Transaction)
  6. Rev. Rul. 2008-18, Situation 1  (S Election In F Reorg With QSub)
  7. Rev. Rul. 2008-18, Situation 2  (S Election In F Reorg With QSub)
  8. Rev. Rul. 2009-15, Situation 1 (Partnership UN-CTB Election to S Corporation) More info.
  9. Rev. Rul. 2009-15, Situation 2 (Partnership Conversion to S Corporation) More info.
  10. Reg. 1.1361-4(a)(2)(ii), Example 1  (Qualified Stock Purchase & QSub Election) More info.
  11. Reg. 1.1361-4(a)(2)(ii), Example 2  (Stock for Stock Exchange & QSub Election) More info.
  12. Reg. 1.1361-4(a)(2)(ii), Example 3  (Contribution & QSub Election - Drop & Check) More info.
  13. Reg. 1.1361-4(a)(2)(iv), Example  (Redemption & QSub Election) More info.


XXXI.  Section 2501 Gifts

  1. Rev. Rul. 81-54 (DISC Commissions with Respect to Gifted DISC Shares Result in Continuing Gifts) More info.
  2. Diedrich  (Conditional Gift with Donee Payment of Gift Tax)
  3. Duberstein  (Gift Defined: Detached & Disinterested Generosity) More info.
  4. Rev. Rul. 69-148  (No Completed Gift with Joint Brokerage Account)
  5. Rev. Rul. 70-626  (Gift of Appreciated Securities Pledged As Collateral for Loan That Exceeds Basis)
  6. Rev. Rul. 71-443 (Gift to Corp is Gift of a Future Interest to the Stockholders) More info.

XXXII.  Section 7701 Entity Classification

  1. Dover  (Check the Box & Sell)
  2. Rev. Rul. 99-5, Situation 1  (Disregarded Entity to Partnership - Sale)
  3. Rev. Rul. 99-5, Situation 2  (Disregarded Entity to Partnership - Contribution)
  4. Rev. Rul. 99-6, Situation 1  (Partnership to Disregarded Entity - Member Purchase)
  5. Rev. Rul. 99-6, Situation 2  (Partnership to Disregarded Entity - Third Party Purchase)
  6. Rev. Rul. 2003-125, Situation 2  (Check the Box Election As Identifiable Event For Worthless Stock Deduction)
  7. Rev. Rul. 2004-59  (Partnership Conversion to Corporation - Contribution Followed by Distribution)
  8. Rev. Rul. 2004-77  (Disregarded Entity with Two Owners [One Owner is Disregarded])
  9. Rev. Rul. 2009-15, Situation 1 (Partnership UN-CTB Election to S Corporation) More info.
  10. Rev. Rul. 2009-15, Situation 2 (Partnership Conversion to S Corporation) More info.
  11. Reg. 1.701-2(d), Example 3  (Check-the-Box Planning to Get 901 Credits and to Avoid 10/50 Basket)
  12. Reg. 301.7701-3(c)(2)  (Signature Authority Regarding Check-the-Box Elections)
  13. PLR 200201024  (Sec. 7701) (LLC With Two Members (But One Economic Owner) Treated As A Disregarded Entity)
  14. PLR 200626009  (12 Month Ownership Test Under US-UK Tax Treaty with Disregarded Entity)
  15. PLR 201122002 (Migration, “Uncheck” of DE & Downstream Merger into DE Treated as F Reorganization)
  16. 7701 U.S. Corporate Seller of CFC: Buyer Makes Immediate Check-the-Box Election


XXXIII.  Section 7874 Expatriated Entities

  1. Notice 2009-78, Example 1 (Inversion With Accommodation Transferor (Marketable Securities))
  2. Notice 2009-78, Example 2 (Inversion With Accommodation Transferor (Principal Purpose of Avoidance))More info.
  3. Notice 2009-78, Example 3 (Inversion Ownership Threshold With Stock Issued By Member of EAG)More info.
  4. Reg. 1.7874-1(f), Example 1 (Inversion Via Triangular Merger with Hook Stock)More info.
  5. Reg. 1.7874-1(f), Example 2 (Outbound Asset Reorganization as an Internal Group Restructuring)
  6. Reg. 1.7874-1(f), Example 3 (Outbound 351 of Stock as an Internal Group Restructuring)More info.
  7. Reg. 1.7874-1(f), Example 4 (Outbound 351 of Stock as an Internal Group Restructuring)More info.
  8. Reg. 1.7874-1(f), Example 5 (Outbound 351 of Stock Not an Internal Group Restructuring)More info.
  9. Reg. 1.7874-1(f), Example 6 (Outbound Reorganization as an Internal Group Restructuring (Hook Stock))More info.
  10. Reg. 1.7874-1(f), Example 7 (Loss of Control in Outbound B Reorganization)More info.
  11. Reg. 1.7874-1(f), Example 8 (Outbound of Partnership as an Internal Group Restructuring)More info.
  12. Temp. Reg. 1.7874-2T(n), Example 1 (Indirect Asset Acquisition Thru Stock of Domestic Corporation)More info.
  13. Temp. Reg. 1.7874-2T(n), Example 2 (Indirect Asset Acquisition Thru a Partnership Interest)More info.
  14. Temp. Reg. 1.7874-2T(n), Example 3 (Indirect Asset Acquisition - Outbound Triangular B Reorganization)
  15. Temp. Reg. 1.7874-2T(n), Example 4 (No Indirect Asset Acquisition Thru Stock of Foreign Corp.)More info.
  16. Temp. Reg. 1.7874-2T(n), Example 5 (Indirect Asset Acquisition by Multiple Foreign Corps)More info.
  17. Temp. Reg. 1.7874-2T(n), Example 6 (Direct Asset Acquisition by Multiple Foreign Corps)More info.
  18. Temp. Reg. 1.7874-2T(n), Example 7 (Indirect Asset Acquisition of Multiple Domestic Corps)More info.
  19. Temp. Reg. 1.7874-2T(n), Example 8 (Stock Held "By Reason of" - Exchange of Stock & Other Property)More info.
  20. Temp. Reg. 1.7874-2T(n), Example 9 (Stock Held "By Reason of" - Acquisitive D Reorganization)
  21. Temp. Reg. 1.7874-2T(n), Example 10 (Stock Held "By Reason of" - Outbound 351 By Partnership)More info.

XXXIV.  Agent vs. Separate Entity

  1. Bollinger  (Corporation as Agent of Its Owner)
  2. Moline Properties  (Corporation With A Single Shareholder is a Separate Taxable Entity)
  3. National Carbide  (Subsidiaries Were Not Agents of the Parent)


XXXV.  Form vs. Substance

  1. Pauline Ach  (Corporation's Profits Allocated to Beneficial Owner) More info.
  2. Aiken Industries   (Treaty Shopping / Back-to-Back Loans)
  3. American Manufacturing   (Outbound D Reorganization)
  4. James Armour, Inc.  (Intercompany Sale of Assets & Liquidation was a D Reorganization) More info.
  5. Atlas Tool   (D Reorganization with Boot)
  6. Basye  (Partnership Attempt to Deflect Compensation to Retirement Plan) More info.
  7. Blum (Guaranteed Loans Not Treated As Equity Investments) More info.
  8. Bollinger  (Corporation as Agent of Its Owner)
  9. Canal Corp. (Disguised Sale to Partnership Under Section 707(a)(2)(B)
  10. Chisholm   (Transfer to Partnership and Partnership Sale - Form Respected)
  11. Chrome Plate, Inc.  (Kimbell-Diamond Doctrine Is Extinct) More info.
  12. Corliss v. Bowers  (Income of Revocable (Grantor) Trust Taxed to Grantor) More info.
  13. Court Holding   (Conduit Seller)
  14. Culbertson  (Family Partnership) More info.
  15. Del Commercial Properties Inc. (Conduit / Intermediary Entities Disregarded) More info.
  16. Diedrich  (Conditional Gift with Donee Payment of Gift Tax)
  17. Esmark   (Tender offer followed by In-Kind redemption)
  18. Foglesong (Lucas v. Earl Tension with Moline Properties)
  19. Gregory v. Helvering   (Spin-Off with Transitory Controlled)
  20. Helvering v. Horst  (Fruit Not Attributed to a Different Tree)
  21. Indofood International Finance Ltd.  (Hypothetical Beneficial Owner Under Indonesia-Netherlands DTA)
  22. Isom (Insurance Agent Commission Assignment Not Respected) More info.
  23. Jade Trading LLC  (Son of BOSS - Currency Spread Transaction)
  24. Kansas Sand & Concrete, Inc.  (Pre-Section 338 Stock Purchase & Upstream Merger)
  25. Kimbell-Diamond   (Stock Purchase & Target Liquidation Treated as Asset Acquisition)
  26. King Enterprises   (Two-step Merger)
  27. Lang (Deemed Payments of Medical Expenses & Property Taxes) More info.
  28. F. & R. Lazarus & Co.  (Transfer of Legal Title was Security for a Loan) More info.
  29. Lyon (Sale & Leaseback Respected) More info.
  30. Miller  (No Look-Thru for Sourcing of Back to Back Services Payments) More info.
  31. Moline Properties  (Corporation With A Single Shareholder is a Separate Taxable Entity)
  32. Morgan  (Liquidation - Reincorporation -- Meaningless Gesture)
  33. National Carbide  (Subsidiaries Were Not Agents of the Parent)
  34. Old Colony Trust   (Employer Payment of Employee Taxes)
  35. Plantation Patterns   (Guarantor treated as borrower)
  36. Prévost Car, Inc.  ("Beneficial Owner" Under Canada-Netherlands Tax Treaty)
  37. Robucci (Sham Entities with No Significant Purpose or Function Other Than Tax Avoidance) More info.
  38. Rubin (AOID: Corporate Management Services Taxable to Controlling Shareholder) More info.
  39. Sammons  (Constructive Dividend: Partial Vertical Control) More info.
  40. SDI Netherlands B.V.  (Cascading Royalties) More info.
  41. Soreng (Disproportionate Circular Flow of Cash Not Disregarded)
  42. Warsaw Photographic Associates, Inc.  (Purported D Reorg: No Meaningless Gesture if No Identity of Shareholders) More info.
  43. Rev. Rul. 54-96  (Contribution & Stock Exchange Not a 351 Exchange Nor a B Reorganization) More info.
  44. Rev. Rul. 56-345  (C Reorganization & Subsequent Redemption Not Integrated Transactions) More info.
  45. Rev. Rul. 56-431  (Dividend Waiver Deemed Ineffectual with Related Shareholders) More info.
  46. Rev. Rul. 56-654  (Corporate Charter Amendment Deemed a Recapitalization) More info.
  47. Rev. Rul. 57-465   (Downstream Merger of Foreign Corporation was a D Reorganization)
  48. Rev. Rul. 58-93   (A Reorganization With a Drop (But Drop Precedes Merger))
  49. Rev. Rul. 60-50  (Complete Liquidation Followed by Reactivation) More info.
  50. Rev. Rul. 63-234  (Two Step Exchange Did Not Qualify As B Reorganization (Remote Continuity))
  51. Rev. Rul. 63-260  (No "Control" for Spin-Off Due to Transitory Ownership) More info.
  52. Rev. Rul. 67-274   (B Reorganization plus Target Liquidation equals C Reorganization)
  53. Rev. Rul. 67-448  (Reverse Triangular Merger Was, in Substance, a B Reorganization)
  54. Rev. Rul. 68-183 (Sale to Trust Treated as Contribution to Trust)
  55. Rev. Rul. 68-602  (Pre-Liquidation Debt Cancellation of Insolvent Subsidiary) More info.
  56. Rev. Rul. 69-608, Situation 1 (Constructive Dividend for Corporate Assumption of Shareholder Liability)
  57. Rev. Rul. 69-630  (Bargain Sale Between Brother-Sister Corporations)
  58. Rev. Rul. 70-223  (Taxable Stock Acquisition & Downstream Merger)
  59. Rev. Rul. 70-240   (Asset Sale & Liquidation Treated as D Reorganization)
  60. Rev. Rul. 70-305  (Subsidiary Purchase & Sale of Parent Stock)
  61. Rev. Rul. 72-135   (Nonrecourse Loans Recharacterized as Contributions to Capital)
  62. Rev. Rul. 72-350   (Equity Advance Creates No Partner Debt Basis)
  63. Rev. Rul. 72-320  (Momentary Ownership of Corporation Did Not Terminate S Election) More info.
  64. Rev. Rul. 72-405   (Forward Triangular Merger & Liquidation of Transitory Subsidiary is a C Reorganization)
  65. Rev. Rul. 73-16  (Successive Stock-For-Stock Exchanges Treated a "B" and "Triangular B" Reorganizations) More info.
  66. Rev. Rul. 73-226 (Payments to Protect Business Reputation & Goodwill)
  67. Rev. Rul. 73-233 (Surrender of Shares to Induce Consent to a Merger Was a Taxable Exchange) More info.
  68. Rev. Rul. 73-427  ("Squeeze Out" Merger - Circular Flow of Cash) More info.
  69. Rev. Rul. 73-496  (Momentary Ownership of Corporation Did Not Terminate S Election) More info.
  70. Rev. Rul. 74-27  (Municipal Bond "Repo" Agreements) More info.
  71. Rev. Rul. 74-564   (Merger of Transitory Entity Treated as B Reorganization)
  72. Rev. Rul. 75-223, Situation 1  (Partial Liquidation With Sale of Former Subsidiary's Assets) More info.
  73. Rev. Rul. 75-223, Situation 2  (Partial Liquidation With Sale of Subsidiary's Assets) More info.
  74. Rev. Rul. 75-383   (Inbound D Reorganization)
  75. Rev. Rul. 76-192   (Third Party "Filter" was Ineffective / CFC Created to avoid Section 956)
  76. Rev. Rul. 76-123  (Section 351 Exchange Combined With C Reorganization) More info.
  77. Rev. Rul. 76-223   (Voting Rights Added to Qualify Exchange as a B Reorganization)
  78. Rev. Rul. 77-226  (No DRD for Redemption Integrated with Sale) More info.
  79. Rev. Rul. 76-454 (Constructive Dividend as Part of 351 Exchange)
  80. Rev. Rul. 78-83   (Constructive Dividend - Diversion of Income Between Foreign Subsidiaries)
  81. Rev. Rul. 78-397  (Forward Triangular Merger: Circular Flow of Cash)
  82. Rev. Rul. 80-154   (Foreign Corp.'s Capitalization of Earnings - Sec. 305 Stock Dividend)
  83. Rev. Rul. 80-239  (301 Distribution Thru Conduit Entity)
  84. Rev. Rul. 81-54 (DISC Commissions with Respect to Gifted DISC Shares Result in Continuing Gifts) More info.
  85. Rev. Rul. 82-144  (Sale Treated as Sale Despite Acquisition of "Put") More info.
  86. Rev. Rul. 82-150  (Deep in-the-Money Option Deemed Exercised) More info.
  87. Rev. Rul. 83-22  (Dividend on Non-vested Stock With 83(b) Election Treat as a Dividend) More info.
  88. Rev. Rul. 83-142   (Circular Flow of Cash in Foreign Spin-Off)
  89. Rev. Rul. 83-156  (351 Followed by 721)
  90. Rev. Rul. 84-68 (Parent Payment of Bonuses to Subsidiary Employees)
  91. Rev. Rul. 85-87 ("In-the-Money" Put Option Treated as Contract to Acquire Stock for Wash Sale Rule) More info.
  92. Rev. Rul. 90-13  (No Surrender of Stock in Pro Rata Partial Liquidation) More info.
  93. Notice 94-48 (Tax Deductible Preferred Stock)
  94. Rev. Rul. 2001-26, Situation 1  (Two Step Reverse Triangular Merger)
  95. Notice 2001-45   (Basis Shifting Tax Shelter)
  96. Rev. Rul. 2004-83   (Related Stock Purch. & Liquidation Treated as D Reorganization)
  97. Rev. Rul. 2008-1  (U.S. Dollar Denominated Derivative Contract Treated As Euro Denominated Debt) More info.
  98. Rev. Rul. 2008-5  (Loss Disallowed on Wash Sale to Roth IRA) More info.
  99. Rev. Rul. 2008-18, Situation 1  (S Election In F Reorg With QSub)
  100. Rev. Rul. 2008-18, Situation 2  (S Election In F Reorg With QSub)
  101. Rev. Rul. 2008-25  (Multi-Step Reorganization Was a Qualified Stock Purchase)
  102. Rev. Rul. 2009-15, Situation 1 (Partnership UN-CTB Election to S Corporation)More info.
  103. Rev. Rul. 2009-15, Situation 2 (Partnership Conversion to S Corporation)More info.
  104. Reg. 1.679-3(c)(5), Example 1 (Intermediary Transfer to Foreign Trust)More info.
  105. Reg. 1.679-3(c)(5), Example 2 (Delayed Intermediary Transfer to Foreign Trust)More info.
  106. Reg. 1.679-3(c)(5), Example 3 (Indirect Loan to Foreign Trust)
  107. Reg. 1.679-3(c)(5), Example 4 (Indirect Loan to Foreign Trust)More info.
  108. Reg. 1.679-3(d)(2), Example 1 (Constructive Transfer to Foreign Trust: Debt Payment)More info.
  109. Reg. 1.679-3(d)(2), Example 2 (Constructive Transfer to Foreign Trust: Liability Assumption)More info.
  110. Reg. 1.679-3(e)(5), Example 1 (Deemed Transfer to a Foreign Trust: Guarantee of Loan) More info.
  111. Reg. 1.679-3(e)(5), Example 2 (Deemed Transfer to a Foreign Trust: Guarantee of U.S. Lender’s Loan) More info.
  112. Reg. 1.679-3(f)(2), Example 1 (Deemed Transfers Thru a Foreign Grantor Trust with U.S. Beneficiaries)
  113. Reg. 1.679-3(f)(2), Example 2 (Deemed Transfers Thru a Foreign Non-Grantor Trust with Foreign Beneficiaries) More info.
  114. Reg. 1.988-1(a)(11)(ii), Example  (Sale of Stock Treated as Section 988 Transaction) More info.
  115. Reg. 1.1361-4(a)(2)(ii), Example 1  (Qualified Stock Purchase & QSub Election) More info.
  116. Reg. 1.1361-4(a)(2)(ii), Example 2  (Stock for Stock Exchange & QSub Election) More info.
  117. Reg. 1.1361-4(a)(2)(ii), Example 3  (Contribution & QSub Election - Drop & Check) More info.
  118. PLR 201122002 (Migration, “Uncheck” of DE & Downstream Merger into DE Treated as F Reorganization)


XXXVI. Ownership Attribution

  1. 267 Family Attribution
  2. 318 Family Attribution
  3. Notice 2001-45  (Basis Shifting Tax Shelter)
  4. Rev. Rul. 70-141  (Ownership Attribution - Reg. 1.1502-34 & Sections 332 & 351)
  5. Rev. Rul. 74-598  (Ownership Attribution - Reg. 1.1502-34 & Section 332)


XXXVII. Other

  1. Animations
    1. Animation - Section 351 Exchange (2.2 MB, 2 min. 6 sec.)
    2. Animation - Section 351 Exchange With Boot (2.4 MB, 2 min. 12 sec.)
    3. Animation - Section 351 Exchange With Liabilities Assumed (2.7 MB, 2 min. 42 sec.)
  2. Tax Stories by Paul Caron
    1. Glenshaw Glass   (Accessions to Wealth)
    2. Eisner v. Macomber   (Stock Dividends are Not Taxable)
    3. Kirby Lumber   (Gain on Bond Retirement)
    4. Davis   (Transfer for Release of Marital Claims)
    5. Welch v. Helvering   (Deductibility of Reputation Payments)
    6. INDOPCO   (Deductibility of Takeover Expenses)
    7. Crane   (Debt Relief from Nonrecourse Mortgage)
    8. Schlude   (Prepaid Dance Lessons)
    9. Lucas v. Earl   (Income is Taxed to the Person who Earned It)
    10. Knetsch   (Sham Interest Expense)
  3. Business Tax Stories by Steven A. Bank & Kirk J. Stark
  4. Anderson  ("All Events" Test For Accruing Expenses) More info.
  5. Arrowsmith   (Relation Back Doctrine)
  6. Bruun  (Landlord Taxation of Leasehold Improvements) More info.
  7. Cadbury Schweppes  (Freedom of Establishment and U.K. CFC Legislation)
  8. Corliss v. Bowers  (Income of Revocable (Grantor) Trust Taxed to Grantor) More info.
  9. Cottage Savings Association  (Losses Allowed on Exchanges of Mortgages for Substantially Identical Mortgages)
  10. Dagres (Business Bad Debt Deduction for Private Equity Fund Manager)
  11. Dalm  (No Jurisdiction for Refund Claim if Based Solely on the Doctrine of Equitable Recoupment) More info.
  12. Diedrich  (Conditional Gift with Donee Payment of Gift Tax)
  13. Fink   (No Deduction for Voluntary Surrender of Stock to a Corporation)
  14. Gilmore  (Origin of the Claim) More info.
  15. Helvering v. Horst  (Fruit Not Attributed to a Different Tree)
  16. Indianapolis Power & Light  (Customer Deposits Were Not Advance Payments)
  17. Isom (Insurance Agent Commission Assignment Not Respected)More info.
  18. Burnet v. Logan  (Open Transaction Doctrine (Contingent Payments))
  19. P.G. Lake, Inc.  (No Capital Gain on Sale of Right to Receive Ordinary Income)
  20. Marks & Spencer  (U.K. Group Relief for Non-U.K. Losses)
  21. McWilliams  (Losses Disallowed for Related-Party Sales Thru Intermediary) More info.
  22. North Texas Lumber Co.  (Timing of Sale Transaction) More info.
  23. Pierre (Valuation Discounts for Transfers of Interests in a Single Member LLC
  24. Rubin (AOID: Corporate Management Services Taxable to Controlling Shareholder) More info.
  25. Sanford & Brooks Co.  (Annual Accounting) More info.
  26. Spring City Foundry Co.  (No Partial Deduction for Bad Debt of Accrual Basis Taxpayer) More info.
  27. Vodafone 2  (Freedom of Establishment & U.K. CFC Legislation)
  28. Woodsam Assoc.   (No Gain Recognition on Debt Conversion from Recourse to Non-Recourse)
  29. Rev. Rul. 55-143  (Nonresident Alien With Funds in Bank Safe-Deposit Box At Time Of Death)
  30. Rev. Rul. 69-74   (Private Annuity In Exchange for Appreciated Property)
  31. Rev. Rul. 69-93  (Nominal Real Estate Deposit Not Taxable Until Closing) More info.
  32. Rev. Rul. 73-226 (Payments to Protect Business Reputation & Goodwill)
  33. Rev. Rul. 73-442  (DISC Single Class of Stock Requirement)
  34. Rev. Rul. 73-605  (Consolidated Tax Liability-Member Payments)
  35. Rev. Rul. 81-54 (DISC Commissions with Respect to Gifted DISC Shares Result in Continuing Gifts) More info.
  36. Rev. Rul. 82-144  (Sale Treated as Sale Despite Acquisition of "Put") More info.
  37. Rev. Rul. 84-68 (Parent Payment of Bonuses to Subsidiary Employees)
  38. Rev. Rul. 85-87 ("In-the-Money" Put Option Treated as Contract to Acquire Stock for Wash Sale Rule) More info.
  39. Rev. Rul. 85-119  (Bank Notes: Equity for Regulatory Purposes & Debt for Tax Purposes) More info.
  40. Notice 94-48 (Tax Deductible Preferred Stock)
  41. Notice 2003-22  (Offshore Deferred Compensation Arrangement (Listed Transaction))
  42. Rev. Rul. 2003-96  (Nonapplication of Section 482 to Lease Stripping Transaction)
  43. Rev. Rul. 2004-37  (Forgiveness of Option Exercise Debt Treated as Compensation) More info.
  44. Rev. Rul. 2004-79  (Subsidiary Purchase of Parent Debt)
  45. Rev. Rul. 2008-15, Situation 1  (Section 4371 Excise Tax on Outbound Ins. & Fgn-to-Fgn Reins.)
  46. Rev. Rul. 2008-15, Situation 2  (Section 4371 Excise Tax on Outbound Reins. & Fgn-to-Fgn Reins.)
  47. Rev. Rul. 2008-15, Situation 3  (Section 4371 Excise Tax on Outbound Ins. & Fgn-to-Fgn Reins.)
  48. Rev. Rul. 2008-15, Situation 4  (Section 4371 Excise Tax on Outbound Ins. & Fgn-to-Fgn Reins.)
  49. Reg. 1.83-6 (d)(1) (Shareholder Transfer of Stock To Employee of Corp) More info.
  50. Prop. Reg. 1.453-1(f)(2)(iv), Example 1  (Installment Obligation Received in Forward Triangular Merger)
  51. Reg. 1.861-3(a)(3)(iii), Example 1  (Dividends Received Deduction for Dividend from Foreign Corporation)
  52. Prop. Reg. 1.1402(a)-2(i), Example  (Limited Partners for Self-Employment Purposes)
  53. PLR 8711107 (Taxation of Stock Options Granted to NRAs) More info.
  54. PLR 9412008  (NRA Automatically Elected Out of Installment Method) More info.
  55. TAM 9830002  (Discharge of Indebtedness by Direct & Indirect Shareholders) (Sec. 108) More info.
  56. Notice 2007-57 (Loss Importation Listed Transaction)
  57. PLR 200945026 (Deferral of Currency Loss on Hedge Contact Under 267(f)(2) More info.
  58. PLR 201016048 (Section 108(e)(6) vs. Section 108(e)(8)) More info.
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